Buildings & Commercial

Commercial buildings, offices, retail, condominiums, casinos

ЕВ пуњење и квалитет електричне енергије у ЛВ стамбеним мрежама — од појединачног пуњача до продора у флоту

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Level 2 EV chargers at 7.2 kW produce third-harmonic dominant current that accumulates in the neutral conductor and causes voltage unbalance increasing with distance from the transformer. Monte Carlo simulation across multiple penetration levels shows uncontrolled charging at 30%+ penetration can push VUF beyond 2% at feeder end buses. Smart charging eliminates the problem without hardware mitigation. EV chargers also produce supraharmonic emissions (2–150 kHz) that can disrupt the PLC communications intended to manage EV charging itself.

Пуњачи за електрична возила и квалитет електричне енергије у домаћинствима — двонедељна теренска студија

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Two-week field measurement at a residential condominium in Bangkok. Single-phase EV chargers created phase imbalance, neutral current overloading, and current THD of 15–20% during charging. Peak voltage unbalance reached 2.18% — at the EN 50160 лимит. Retrofitted infrastructure not designed for EV loads.

Смањење напона (Мицропланет Технологија Цорп)

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Over 90% of worldwide facilities operate at voltages higher than required — a consequence of distribution network design that delivers minimum voltage at the far end of the feeder. MicroPlanet’s voltage reduction technology captures wasted energy by operating equipment at optimal voltage, reducing heat losses in electronic components without affecting performance.

Низак напон (Мицропланет Технологија Цорп)

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An Australian utility serving remote outback areas via Single Wire Earth Return systems faced severe power quality complaints — lights flickering, unstable voltage, and very low voltage levels at remote customers. MicroPlanet’s Low Voltage Regulator restored voltage stability and reduced flicker to acceptable levels in areas where traditional network reinforcement was not economically viable.

Бакарни систем уземљења штити Мт. Васхингтон Товерс (Цоппер Девел Ассоциатион Инц)

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Mt. Washington’s communication towers serving northern New England — carrying TV, radio, telephone, FAA air traffic control, and emergency services — were vulnerable to lightning until 1993. A comprehensive copper grounding system redesign eliminated lightning-related equipment damage and downtime, demonstrating the economic case for proper grounding in high-exposure communication infrastructure.

Лигхтнинг Стрикес Твице: Правилно уземљење спречава прекиде (Удружење за развој бакра Инц)

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Florida’s Lightning Alley sees 130+ lightning days per year — communications towers are struck regularly. Orange County’s experience demonstrates that a total systems approach to electrical grounding, treating the tower, building, and all connected equipment as a single grounded system, prevents millions in lightning damage. Case covers the engineering and economics of comprehensive lightning protection.

Проводни буке (Хиоки)

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Conductive noise — high-frequency electrical disturbances spreading through power, signal, and ground cables from lightning surges, electrostatic discharge, and high-order harmonics — causes equipment malfunction and radio/TV interference in neighbouring premises. HIOKI measurement techniques covering up to 100 MHz identify the noise frequency band and propagation path for targeted mitigation.

Висока-Ордер хармоници (Хиоки)

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Power supplies with semiconductor control devices generate high-frequency noise above several kHz — high-order harmonics that cause equipment malfunction and radio/TV interference. HIOKI measurement at 1-phase 100V shows the frequency spectrum, resonance amplification effects, and the threshold at which the noise becomes dangerous to connected equipment.

Напонски таласни шум & УПС Свитцхинг (Хиоки)

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Eighteen days of monitoring on a 1-phase 100V circuit recorded 68 identical waveform distortion events, subsequently classified into two types: UPS switching transients and persistent waveform noise. The systematic waveform comparison technique demonstrates how event classification reveals root cause — the UPS was not returning to sine wave output after switching.

Периодично Тренутна пад напона (Хиоки)

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Two weeks of monitoring at a Japanese retail store 100V outlet recorded periodic instantaneous voltage drops every 13 minutes — a pattern too regular to be random grid events. Analysis confirmed the cause was an electronic device on the same circuit cycling automatically every 13 записник. Classic example of customer-caused periodic voltage fluctuation mistaken for a utility supply problem.

Укључивање од фактора снаге обештећење кондензатор (Хиоки)

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Equipment power supply damage traced to transient overvoltages caused by power factor correction capacitor switching within the facility. The switching waveform propagated through the LV circuit without filtering and combined with impulse transients at switch-off, creating damaging voltage peaks. A filtering device at the capacitor bank would have prevented the equipment failures.

Пролазни процес изазван флуоресцентним осветљењем (Хиоки)

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Glow fluorescent lighting generates transient overvoltage when the glow lamp initiates the warm-up sequence — a known but frequently overlooked phenomenon. The transient occurs at first ignition and can affect nearby electronic equipment connected to the same circuit. Measurement shows the waveform characteristics and suggests threshold settings for event detection.

Пад напона узрокована Цабле Импеданса (Хиоки)

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Laboratory simulation of voltage drop caused by cable impedance — a 1Ω cable carrying 10A produces a 10 Vrms voltage drop, reducing a 100V supply to below 90V. Equipment designed to tolerate ±10% voltage variation trips when cable impedance consumes the entire tolerance margin. Demonstrates why cable sizing must account for the full load current including harmonic content.

Неисправан семафор (Метиљ)

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Traffic light controller at a main town intersection malfunctioning randomly — sometimes working, sometimes causing long unexplained delays in one direction. Fluke 43B investigation found voltage unbalance and harmonics from a nearby industrial customer on the same distribution transformer. The traffic light controller was sensitive to supply quality — a finding not obvious without measurement.

Евалуација Осветљење баласт (Метиљ)

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Lighting maintenance in large facilities is a major cost — especially with high ceilings requiring personnel lifts. This Fluke case study evaluates whether replacing existing ballasts with electronic ballasts reduces maintenance costs enough to justify the capital investment, using measured power factor, harmonic content, and lamp life data to build the economic case.

Полуталасни исправљач (Метиљ)

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A school district transformer making a “chattering” noise with heavily loaded secondary — loads including lights, electric heat, and computers. A half-wave rectifier in a fan motor heater combination was generating DC current and even harmonics, causing the transformer core to saturate asymmetrically and vibrate audibly. Classic even harmonic / DC injection problem from a defective single-phase load.

2 Истраживање Недеља Енергија (Дранетз)

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Two-week energy survey at a New Jersey swim club — measuring electrical demand and energy consumption of a food concession operation whose utility costs the club wants to recover. Dranetz monitoring captures peak demand, power factor, and energy use patterns to establish a fair cost-recovery billing methodology for the concession operator.

Оверлоадед сервис Улаз (Дранетз)

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A trading floor’s six air handling units — fed from a single 480V, 400A service — were stalling, malfunctioning, and unable to start, causing control room temperature to rise dangerously. Dranetz monitoring revealed the service voltage averaged 450V instead of 480V, with neutral current issues. Root cause: overloaded service entrance, not equipment failure.

7Кс24 Кориснички сервис центар (Дранетз)

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DHL Airways 24×7 customer service centre installed a redundant UPS system to protect critical loads. Dranetz Encore Series monitors UPS input and output simultaneously — giving the travelling facility manager remote browser-based access to all power monitoring data from anywhere, enabling rapid fault diagnosis without on-site visits.

Новоизграђени објекат у кондоминијум Вестчестеру (Дранетз)

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A Westchester condominium could not get permits because elevators would not run on emergency generator power. Diagnosed as a voltage drop problem and chased with expensive fixes — new transformer, tap adjustments — that failed to help. Dranetz monitoring identified the real cause: generator output waveform distortion incompatible with the elevator drive controllers.

Прикључци преносивог генератора Валл Стреет – инфрацрвени (ИРИНФО)

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After September 11, 2001, local utility provided portable generation to lower Manhattan. An infrared thermographic inspection of the generator terminal connections revealed overheating at connection points requiring immediate remediation — prior to the connections failing under load. Case demonstrates infrared as a first-line diagnostic tool for temporary generator connections in emergency power scenarios.

Хармонични проблеми у казину

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Michigan casino with 1000 slot machines planned 500 more — but the utility measured 5% THDv at the PCC and demanded correction before allowing the expansion. Interference on CCTV security monitors was also traced to harmonic distortion. Arteche zigzag transformer eliminated third-harmonic triplen currents, allowing the casino expansion to proceed within the utility’s voltage distortion limit.

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