問題記述
In most facilities, lighting is a major element of operating cost. Part of that cost is due to energy, and part is due to maintenance. The maintenance costs can be significant. Light fixtures require periodic maintenance — for example, lamps burn out, ballasts fail and lenses need cleaning. The amount of maintenance required varies with the age and design of the lighting fixtures. The logistics of that maintenance (例えば, needing a personnel lift for high ceiling areas) can magnify “typical” cost estimates by an order of magnitude. It is sometimes costeffective to replace an entire system with a more efficient one. In the case described here, the owner decided to replace the entire system.
While reducing the maintenance costs was the driving force in obtaining a replacement system, reducing energy costs was the driving force in selecting a replacement system.Determining the actual reduction in energy consumption required significant research. The research was difficult, because there was no common platform for comparing the widely varying performance claims from competing suppliers. 時々, critical specs were missing altogether.
The plant engineer decided to compare various units side-by-side, in the field. He began by asking each supplier to submit a sample for evaluation. 次の, he worked on determining what to measure and how to make the measurements. The final measurement criteria included measurements of power consumption, power factor, displacement power factor and harmonic spectrum. Power consumption and displacement power factor would translate directly to operating cost. Harmonic distortion was of interest, because the plant engineer knew that high levels of harmonic current could cause problems for transformers, circuit breakers and other parts of the electrical distribution system. To make these measurements easy, the plant engineer chose the Fluke 43B. The electrical team made measurements using a setup similar to Fig. 1. This is an experiment that you can easily duplicate on your workbench.
harmonic spectrum
They recorded data in the matrix table shown here. From the table, you can see they were able to make comparisons of all the key electrical factors on a level playing field. これにより、最も費用対効果の高いアプローチを選択できるようになりました. 各メーカーが自社の性能主張を特定の一連の動作条件に基づいて行っていることは注目に値します。これらの条件は理想的な場合もあれば、「典型的な」場合もあります。しかし, 条件はメーカーによって異なり、実際の用途とは異なります。. 故に, それらの主張, 誠意を持って作りながらも, 最終的な製品決定の根拠としては不十分である可能性があります. 照明やその他の電気用途に関して経済的な決定を下そうとする場合, 適切なテスト機器を使用して、実際の条件下で実際のパフォーマンスを測定することが、最良の決定に到達する確実な方法です.
テーブルへのメモ:
- The comparison test for compact fluorescents can easily be demonstrated using a desk lamp and a split extension cord with one conductor wrapped in a 10-turn coil. The 10-turn coil increases the range of current measurement. Power consumption for one unit would be the recorded value divided by 10.
- To make a fair comparison, the line voltage should be the same for each unit tested.
- The performance value of current THD will depend on the amount of harmonic distortion on the supply voltage and impedance of the voltage source. It may not be possible to duplicate the ballast suppliers’ exact specification number — but, if all tests are made from the same supply source, the performance comparison will be valid.
- Measurement values for the lamp tested in Fig. 2 図. 3 「ブランドA」として記録されます。ブランド C と D の残りのテストは、読者の演習として残されています。.
ソース:
フルーク·コーポレーション
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