Iluminación evaluación de lastre (Chiripa)

Descripción del problema

In most facilities, lighting is a major element of operating cost. Part of that cost is due to energy, and part is due to maintenance. The maintenance costs can be significant. Light fixtures require periodic maintenance — for example, lamps burn out, ballasts fail and lenses need cleaning. The amount of maintenance required varies with the age and design of the lighting fixtures. The logistics of that maintenance (por ejemplo, needing a personnel lift for high ceiling areas) can magnify “typical” cost estimates by an order of magnitude. It is sometimes costeffective to replace an entire system with a more efficient one. In the case described here, the owner decided to replace the entire system.

While reducing the maintenance costs was the driving force in obtaining a replacement system, reducing energy costs was the driving force in selecting a replacement system.Determining the actual reduction in energy consumption required significant research. The research was difficult, because there was no common platform for comparing the widely varying performance claims from competing suppliers. A veces, critical specs were missing altogether.

The plant engineer decided to compare various units side-by-side, in the field. He began by asking each supplier to submit a sample for evaluation. Próximo, he worked on determining what to measure and how to make the measurements. The final measurement criteria included measurements of power consumption, factor de potencia, displacement power factor and harmonic spectrum. Power consumption and displacement power factor would translate directly to operating cost. Harmonic distortion was of interest, because the plant engineer knew that high levels of harmonic current could cause problems for transformers, circuit breakers and other parts of the electrical distribution system. To make these measurements easy, the plant engineer chose the Fluke 43B. The electrical team made measurements using a setup similar to Fig. 1. This is an experiment that you can easily duplicate on your workbench.

Higo. 1 Example test set up for compact fluorescent lamps
Higo. 1 Example test set up for compact fluorescent lamps
Higo. 2 Compact fluorescent lamp power consumption and current waveform
Higo. 2 Compact fluorescent lamp power consumption and current waveform
Higo. 3 Compact fluorescent lamp current harmonic spectrum
Higo. 3 Compact fluorescent lamp current
harmonic spectrum

They recorded data in the matrix table shown here. From the table, you can see they were able to make comparisons of all the key electrical factors on a level playing field. This allowed them to select the most cost-effective approach. It’s worth noting that each manufacturer bases its performance claims on a specified set of operating conditions — these conditions may be ideal or they may be “typical.” But, the conditions vary between manufacturers and the conditions differ from actual applications. Por lo tanto, those claims, while made in good faith, can be a poor basis for a final product decision. When trying to make economic decisions on lighting or other electrical applications, measuring actual performance under actual conditions — with the right test equipment — is a sure way to arrive at the best decision.

Lighting ballast fig 4

Notes to table:

  1. La prueba de comparación para fluorescentes compactos se puede demostrar fácilmente utilizando una lámpara de escritorio y un cable de extensión dividido con un conductor envuelto en una bobina de 10 vueltas.. La bobina de 10 vueltas aumenta el rango de medición de corriente.. El consumo de energía de una unidad sería el valor registrado dividido por 10.
  2. Para hacer una comparación justa, El voltaje de línea debe ser el mismo para cada unidad probada..
  3. El valor de rendimiento del THD actual dependerá de la cantidad de distorsión armónica en el voltaje de suministro y la impedancia de la fuente de voltaje.. Puede que no sea posible duplicar el número de especificación exacto de los proveedores de lastre, pero, si todas las pruebas se realizan desde la misma fuente de suministro, la comparación de rendimiento será válida.
  4. Valores de medición para la lámpara probada en la Fig.. 2 and Fig. 3 están registrados como “Marca A”. El resto de pruebas para las marcas C y D se dejan como ejercicio para el lector..

Fuente:

Fluke Corporation
PO Box 9090, Everett, WA EE.UU. 98206

Para obtener más información, llame al:
En la U.S.A.. (800) 443-5853
En Europa / M-Medio / África (31 40) 2 675 200
En Canadá (800)-36-FLUKE
Desde otros países +1 (425) 446-5500 o
Acceso a la Web: http://www.fluke.com/

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